Polymer Derived Ceramics

    From Nano-Structure to Applications

This book presents the foundations of the science of polymer derived ceramics, enriched with many descriptions of applications. Written by a team of selected researchers, the text is a systematic, comprehensive introduction to all phases of polymer derived ceramics from synthesis strategies through properties measurement, and applications. New material is given on the nanolevel structure of PDCs, and it is shown how nano-sized modifications can alter and improve the properties of polymer derived ceramics, including high chemical durability, oxidation resistance, luminescence, and piezo-resistivity. Groundbreaking work is also described on novel precursors such as stoichiometric SiC, BN, and SiBCN ceramics. In terms of technology, this volume explains how PDCs are fabricated and how these novel materials are used in membranes, filters, MEMS, fibers, and micro-components.

Preface

1. Historical Review of the Development of Polymer Derived Ceramics (PDCs)

PAOLO COLOMBO, RALF RIEDEL, GIAN DOMENICO SORARU

and HANS-JOACHIM KLEEBE

1.1. General Remarks

1.2. History

1.3. References

2. Synthesis and Properties of Preceramic Polymers

2.1. Chemical Design of Preceramic Polymers

·    Boron-Based Precursors

PHILIPPE MIELE

·    Al-based Precursor(s)

YOSHIYUKI SUGAHARA

·    Organosilicon-Based Polymers as Precursors for Ceramics

GABRIELA MERA and RALF RIEDEL

2.2. Rheology of Preceramic Polymers

C. BALAN

·    Introduction

·    Oscillatory Shear Rheology

·    Rheology of Polyborazines

·    Sol—Gel Rheology

·    Final Remarks

·    References

2.3. Polymer-to-Ceramic Transformation

EMANUEL IONESCU, CHRISTEL GERVAIS and FLORENCE BABONNEAU

·    Introduction

·    Cross-Linking Process

·    Ceramization Process via Pyrolysis

·    Conclusions

·    References

3. Microstructure Evolution and Characterization

HANS-JOACHIM KLEEBE, GIULIANO GREGORI, MARKUS WEINMANN and PETER KROLL

3.1. Introduction

3.2. Microstructure and Characterization Techniques

3.3. The SiCN System

·    Polymer Architecture and Phase Separation

·    The Role of Residual Porosity

·    Stoichiometric SiCN

·    More Complex Systems

3.4. The SiBCN System

·    Theoretical Considerations

·    High-Temperature Properties

3.5. The SiCO System

·    Stoichiometric SiCO

·    SiCO with Excess Silicon

·    Si Diffusion in SiCO

·    SiCO with Excess Carbon

·    Novel Carbon-rich SiCO Nanocomposites

3.6. Modelling Approaches of Amorphous SiCO

·    Introduction to Modelling

·    Computational Approach

·    Modelling Results

·    Discussion of Structural Modelling

·    Summary of Modelling Results

3.7. References

4. Properties

4.1. Thermal Stability: Decomposition and Crystallization

A. H. TAVAKOLI, J. A. GOLCZEWSKI and J. BILL

·    Introduction

·    Thermodynamic Analysis

·    Mass Loss during Annealing

·    Structural Transformations Induced by Annealing

·    Summary

·    References

4.2. Mechanical Properties

ROUXEL TANGUY

·    Introduction

·    Elasticity

·    Creep, Viscosity and Viscoelasticity

·    Indentation Testing

·    Fracture Behavior

·    Miscellaneous

·    References

4.3. Optical Properties

ALBERTO QUARANTA, AYLIN KARAKUSCU and GIAN DOMENICO SORARU

·    Introduction

·    Synthesis of Transparent Bulk SiCO Glasses from Si-H Containing sol-gel Precursors

·    Transparent Bulk SiCO Glasses Containing Si and SiC Nanocrystals

·    Luminescent Silicon Oxycarbide Thin Films

·    Luminescent of SiOCN and SiCN PDCs

·    References

4.4. Electrical Properties

ALEKSANDER GURLO

·    Introduction

·    Studies of Electrical Properties of PDCs

·    Si–C–N System: Influence of Pyrolysis Temperature, Microstructure and Free Carbon Content

·    Si–O–C System: Influence of Pyrolysis Temperature, Microstructure and Free Carbon Content

·    Conduction Mechanism in Amorphous PDCs

·    Role of Free Carbon

·    Piezoresistivity

·    Conclusions and Outlook

·    References

4.5. Magnetic Properties

MATTHIAS HÄUßLER and BEN ZHONG TANG

·    Introduction

·    Fe-containing Ceramics

·    Co-containing Ceramics

·    Ru-containing Ceramics

·    Conclusions

·    References

4.6. Metal Containing Precursor Ceramics with Catalytic Potentials

GÜNTER MOTZ, THOMAS SCHMALZ and RHETT KEMPE

·    Introduction

·    Requirements and Synthesis Strategy for Catalytic Active Precursor Ceramics

·    Ceramics Derived from Precursor Polymers with Chemically Bonded Metals

·    Conclusions and Outlook

·    References

4.7. Oxidation Behaviour of Polymer-Derived Ceramics

GEORGES CHOLLON

·    Introduction

·    Materials Geometry and Experimental Procedures

·    The Si–C System

·    Si–C–O System

·    Si–(X)–C–N–(O) Systems

·    The Si–(X)–B–C–N System

·    Conclusion

·    References

5. Processing and Applications

5.1. Pressing, Extrusion and Injection Molding

VADYM BAKUMOV and EDWIN KROKE

·    Introduction

·    References

5.2. Filler Systems (Bulk Components and Nano-Composites)

JESSICA D. TORREY and RAJENDRA K. BORDIA

·    Introduction

·    Type and Role of Fillers

·    Processing of Filled Systems

·    Properties and Applications

·    Summary

·    Acknowledgement

·    References

5.3. Fibers

GÜNTER MOTZ and SAMUEL BERNARD

·    Introduction

·    Technology for Production of Ceramic Fibers

·    Context

·    Processing and Properties of Non-Oxide Ceramic Fibers

·    Conclusions and Outlook

·    References

5.4. Coatings

FRANZISKA A. SCHEFFLER and JESSICA D. TORREY

·    Introduction

·    Coating Techniques

·    Processing of PDC Coatings

·    Precursors

·    Addition of Fillers

·    Substrates: Materials and Geometry

·    Summary

·    References

5.5. Joining

CHARLES A. LEWINSOHN

·    Introduction

·    Joint Fabrication

·    Material Selection

·    Forming Method

·    Joint Thickness

·    Use of Filler Particles

·    Thermal Processing

·    Summary

·    References

5.6. Highly Porous Components

PAOLO COLOMBO and MICHAEL SCHEFFLER

·    Introduction

·    Processing of Highly Porous Components

·    Property Data for Highly-Porous Polymer-Derived Ceramics

·    References

5.7. Membranes

YUJI IWAMOTO

·    References

5.8. Composite Fabrication and CMCs

WALTER J. SHERWOOD

·    Introduction

·    Building a CMC

·    New Ceramic-Forming Polymers

·    Composite Fabrication

·    References

5.9. Microfabrication and MEMS/NEMS

MICHAEL SCHULZ

·    Introduction

·    Lithographic Methods

·    Nano Imprinting and Soft-lithography

·    MIMIC and µTM

·    Embossing

·    Microcasting

·    Further Methods

·    Conclusions

·    References

5.10. Synthesis Under High-pressure High-temperature Conditions

DMYTRO A. DZIVENKO and RALF RIEDEL

·    Introduction

·    High-pressure Techniques

·    Synthesis of New High-pressure Materials from Molecular and/or Polymeric Precursors

·    References

5.11. Non-conventional Pyrolysis and Processing

SRINIVASA RAO BODDAPATI and SUDHIR BRAHMANDAM

·    Introduction

·    Laser Pyrolysis

·    Microwave Pyrolysis

·    Ion Irradiation

·    Solid Freeforming

·    Preceramic Polymers as Binders and Reagents

·    Ceramic Powders and Tapes

·    References

6. Novel Developments and Future Outlook

ALEXANDER LUKACS

6.1. Introduction

6.2. References

Contributors

Index